¾µäÎïÀíѧ
¡°¾µäÎïÀíѧ¡±»ù±¾½âÊÍ
Ñо¿ºê¹ÛÎïÀíÏÖÏóµÄÎïÀíѧ·Ö֧ѧ¿Æ¡£°üÀ¨Á¦Ñ§¡¢Éùѧ¡¢ÈÈѧ¡¢·Ö×ÓÎïÀíѧ¡¢µç´Åѧ¡¢¹âѧµÈ¡£ËüµÄ¹æÂÉÖ»ÊÊÓÃÓÚËÙ¶ÈԶСÓÚ¹âËÙ¡¢³ß¶ÈÔ¶´óÓÚÔ×ÓµÄÁìÓò¡£ÒòÔÚ20ÊÀ¼ÍÇ°¾ÍÒÑ·¢Õ¹µÃ½ÏÍêÕû£¬ËùÒÔÓֳơ°¹ÅµäÎïÀíѧ¡±¡£
1.Ù¤ÀûÂÔ¡¢Å£¶Ù¡¢°®µÏÉúÊÇÈ˲»ÊÇÉñ£¬Æäȱµã´íÎóÔÚËùÄÑÃ⣬µ«Õâ²¢²»×è°ËûÃDZä³É¾ÞÈË¡£ÊÔÎÊ£¬ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨ÎïÀíѧÖеÄÂäÌå¹æÔò¡¢¹ßÐÔ¹æÔò¡¢Å×ÎïÌåÔ˶¯¹æÔò¡¢°ÚÕñµ´µÄµÈʱÐÔÏÖÏóÊÇÙ¤ÀûÂÔÊ÷Á¢»ò·¢ÏÖµÄÄØ?ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨Å£¶Ù×÷Ϊ¾µäÎïÀíѧ´´Á¢ÕßµÄλÖÃÄØ?ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨°®µÏÉúÊǶÔÈËÀàÎïÖÊÎÄÃ÷ÓÐÖØ´ó¹±Ï׵Ĵó´´Ôì¼ÒÄØ?
2.¾µäÎïÀíѧÊÇÔÚ¼ÙÉèµç×Ó¹ìµÀ°ë¾¶²»±äµÄÇé¿öÏÂÑо¿¿¹´ÅЧӦµÄ¡£
3.ÎÒÃDZØÐëÑ°ÇóÒ»¸öз½³ÌÀ´È¡´ú¾µäÎïÀíѧµÄ·½³Ì¡£
4.¸ÅÀ¨ÁË×ÔÊ®¾ÅÊÀ¼ÍÒÔÀ´¾µäÎïÀíѧËùÈ¡µÃµÄÖØ´ó³É¾Í£¬²¢»Ø¹ËÁ˲£¶ûÀíÂ۵Ľ¨Á¢±³¾°£¬²ûÊöÁ˲£¶ûÀíÂ۵Ļù±¾ÔÀí¡£
5.Å£¶Ù¡¢°®µÏÉúÊÇÈ˲»ÊÇÉñ£¬Æäȱµã´íÎóÔÚËùÄÑÃ⣬µ«Õâ²¢²»·Á°ËûÃdzÉΪ¡°¾ÞÈË¡±¡£ÊÔÎÊ£¬ÓÐËÄÜ·ñÈÏÎïÀíѧÖеÄÂäÌ嶨ÂÉ¡¢¹ßÐÔ¶¨ÂÉ¡¢Å×ÎïÌåÔ˶¯¹æÂÉ¡¢°ÚÕñ¶¯µÄµÈʱÐÔÏÖÏóÊÇÙ¤ÀûÂÔ½¨Á¢»ò·¢ÏÖµÄÄØ£¿ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨Å£¶Ù×÷Ϊ¾µäÎïÀíѧ´´Á¢ÕߵĵØλÄØ£¿ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨°®µÏÉúÊǶÔÈËÀàÎïÖÊÎÄÃ÷ÓÐÖØ´ó¹±Ï׵Ĵó·¢Ã÷¼ÒÄØ£¿
6.Õâ¸ö¸ù±¾ÐԵı仯ÔÚÎïÀíѧÖд¥·¢Ò»¸öÁ¬Ëø·´Ó¦£¬Õâ¸ö·´Ó¦Ä¿Ç°ÒѾ²¨¼°µ½Á˾µäÎïÀíѧ£¬µÍÎÂÎïÀíѧ£¬Á¿×ÓÎïÀíѧ£¬ÐÅϢѧºÍÓîÖæѧ¡£
7.°®µÏÉúÊÇÈ˲»ÊÇÉñ£¬Æäȱµã´íÎóÔÚËùÄÑÃ⣬µ«Õâ²¢²»·Á°ËûÃdzÉΪ¡°¾ÞÈË¡±¡£ÊÔÎÊ£¬ÓÐËÄÜ·ñÈÏÎïÀíѧÖеÄÂäÌ嶨ÂÉ¡¢¹ßÐÔ¶¨ÂÉ¡¢Å×ÎïÌåÔ˶¯¹æÂÉ¡¢°ÚÕñ¶¯µÄµÈʱÐÔÏÖÏóÊÇÙ¤ÀûÂÔ½¨Á¢»ò·¢ÏÖµÄÄØ£¿ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨Å£¶Ù×÷Ϊ¾µäÎïÀíѧ´´Á¢ÕߵĵØλÄØ£¿ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨°®µÏÉúÊǶÔÈËÀàÎïÖÊÎÄÃ÷ÓÐÖØ´ó¹±Ï׵Ĵó·¢Ã÷¼ÒÄØ£¿
8.Á¿×ÓÎïÀíѧºÍ¾µäÎïÀíѧÊÇÕû¸öÎïÀíѧµÄÁ½¸öÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö¡£
9.±«¶÷˵£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ´Ó¾µäÎïÀíѧÄǶù»ñµÃÕýÈ·´ð°¸£¬ÀëÁ˹âËÙµÄÒÔÌ«ÂÛ£¬¾ÍֻʣϺãÁ¿»ò¼«ÏÞËٶȡ£
10.ËûÃÇÖØн¨Á¢ÁËÒ»¸öеÄÀíÂÛ£¬¼´Á¿×Ó¹âѧ£¬ÓÃÀ´½âÊÍÄÇЩÔÚ¾µäÎïÀíѧÖÐÎÞ·¨½âÊ͵Ķ«Î÷¡£
11.³¬ÀäÔ×ӵĵ²¼ÂÞÒⲨ²¨³¤ÔÚ΢Ã×ÊýÁ¿¼¶£¬ËùÒÔºÍËüÃÇÓйصĶ¯Á¦Ñ§Ò²ÔÙ²»ÄÜÓþµäÎïÀíѧÀ´½âÊÍ¡£
12.Ëæ×ÅÎïÀíÑо¿²»¶ÏÏò×ÝÉî·¢Õ¹£¬¾µäÎïÀíѧµÄ¾ÖÏÞÐÔÖð½¥±»½Ò¶¡£
13.ÑÓ³ÙÑ¡ÔñʵÑé¼âÈñµØ͹ÏÔÁËÓë¾µäÎïÀíѧÏàºÍгµÄÈÕ³£ÓïÑÔÔÚʵÔÚÃèÊöÉϵÄì¶Ü£¬½«¸ç±¾¹þ¸ùѧÅɵÄ˼ÏëÍƵ½Á˼«¶Ë¡£
14.Èç¹û˵,²£¶ûµÄ¶ÔÓ¦ÔÀíÊÇÔÚ¾µäÎïÀíѧºÍÁ¿×ÓÁ¦Ñ§Ö®¼ä¼ÜÆðµÄÒ»×ùÇÅÁº,ÄÇô,°£Â×·Ñ˹ÌصĽþ½¥ÔÀíÔòÊÇÁ½ÕßÖ®¼äµÄÓÖÒ»×ùÇÅÁº¡£
15.¸ßÖÐÎïÀíÑо¿µÄÊǾµäÎïÀíѧµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬°üÀ¨Á¦Ñ§¡¢ÈÈѧ¡¢µçѧ¡¢¹âѧ¡¢Ô×ÓÎïÀíѧ¡£
16.Ò»°ÙÄêÇ°Á¿×ÓÀíÂÛµÄÐËÆð£¬ÈçͬÔÚ¾µäÎïÀíѧ³Ç±¤Öз¢ÉúµÄ¡°¿Æѧ±¬ÆÆ¡±£¬´øÀ´ÁËÒ»³¡¿ÆѧºÍ˼ÏëµÄ¸ïÃü¡£
17.ÊܾµäÎïÀíѧÖм«ÐÔ³¡Ä£Ðͼ°À©Õ¹µã¼¯Ë¼ÏëµÄÆô·¢£¬Ìá³öÒ»ÖÖ³ÆΪ¡°³¡ÄâºÏ¡±µÄÒþÇúÃæÖؽ¨·½·¨¡£
18.°®µÏÉúÊÇÈ˲»ÊÇÉñ£¬Æäȱµã´íÎóÔÚËùÄÑÃ⣬µ«Õâ²¢²»×è°ËûÃDZä³É¾ÞÈË¡£ÊÔÎÊ£¬ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨ÎïÀíѧÖеÄÂäÌå¹æÔò¡¢¹ßÐÔ¹æÔò¡¢Å×ÎïÌåÔ˶¯¹æÔò¡¢°ÚÕñµ´µÄµÈʱÐÔÏÖÏóÊÇÙ¤ÀûÂÔÊ÷Á¢»ò·¢ÏÖµÄÄØ?ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨Å£¶Ù×÷Ϊ¾µäÎïÀíѧ´´Á¢ÕßµÄλÖÃÄØ?ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨°®µÏÉúÊǶÔÈËÀàÎïÖÊÎÄÃ÷ÓÐÖØ´ó¹±Ï׵Ĵó´´Ôì¼ÒÄØ?
19.½«³¡ÐͬÔÀíÀ©Õ¹µ½¾µäÎïÀíѧÓë½ü´úÎïÀíѧÖУ¬²¢ÒÔʵÀý˵Ã÷³¡ÐͬÔÀíÊÇÇ¿»¯ÄÜÁ¿´«µÝÓëת»»¹ý³ÌµÄÒ»°ãÔÀí¡£
20.ÕâЩ´«¸ÐÆ÷¸ù¾ÝÁ¿×ÓËíµÀЧӦµÄÔÀí¹¤×÷£¬¼´Ö»Òª¼ä¸ôµÄ¾àÀë·Ç³£Î¢Ð¡£¬µç×Ó¾ÍÄÜ´©¹ý¾µäÎïÀíѧÈÏΪ²»ÄÜͨ¹ýµÄÊÆÀÝ¡£
21.Ù¤ÀûÂÔ¡¢Å£¶Ù¡¢°®µÏÉúÊÇÈ˲»ÊÇÉñ£¬Æäȱµã´íÎóÔÚËùÄÑÃ⣬µ«Õâ²¢²»·Á°ËûÃdzÉΪ¡°¾ÞÈË¡±¡£ÊÔÎÊ£¬ÓÐËÄÜ·ñÈÏÎïÀíѧÖеÄÂäÌ嶨ÂÉ¡¢¹ßÐÔ¶¨ÂÉ¡¢Å×ÎïÌåÔ˶¯¹æÂÉ¡¢°ÚÕñ¶¯µÄµÈʱÐÔÏÖÏóÊÇÙ¤ÀûÂÔ½¨Á¢»ò·¢ÏÖµÄÄØ£¿ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨Å£¶Ù×÷Ϊ¾µäÎïÀíѧ´´Á¢ÕߵĵØλÄØ£¿ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨°®µÏÉúÊǶÔÈËÀàÎïÖÊÎÄÃ÷ÓÐÖØ´ó¹±Ï׵Ĵó·¢Ã÷¼ÒÄØ£¿
22.ÔÚ¾µäÎïÀíѧÖУ¬ÄÜÁ¿Ö»Äܹ¤×÷ÔÚÕû¸ö·Ö×ÓµÄËæ»ú·½Ê½¡£
23.´íÎó£ºÙ¤ÀûÂÔ¡¢Å£¶Ù¡¢°®µÏÉúÊÇÈ˲»ÊÇÉñ£¬Æäȱµã´íÎóÔÚËùÄÑÃ⣬µ«Õâ²¢²»·Á°ËûÃdzÉΪ¡°¾ÞÈË¡±¡£ÊÔÎÊ£¬ÓÐËÄÜ·ñÈÏÎïÀíѧÖеÄÂäÌ嶨ÂÉ¡¢¹ßÐÔ¶¨ÂÉ¡¢Å×ÎïÌåÔ˶¯¹æÂÉ¡¢°ÚÕñ¶¯µÄµÈʱÐÔÏÖÏóÊÇÙ¤ÀûÂÔ½¨Á¢»ò·¢ÏÖµÄÄØ£¿ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨Å£¶Ù×÷Ϊ¾µäÎïÀíѧ´´Á¢ÕߵĵØλÄØ£¿ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨°®µÏÉúÊǶÔÈËÀàÎïÖÊÎÄÃ÷ÓÐÖØ´ó¹±Ï׵Ĵó·¢Ã÷¼ÒÄØ£¿
24.Å£¶Ù¡¢°®µÏÉúÊÇÈ˲»ÊÇÉñ£¬Æäȱµã´íÎóÔÚËùÄÑÃ⣬µ«Õâ²¢²»×è°ËûÃDZä³É¾ÞÈË¡£ÊÔÎÊ£¬ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨ÎïÀíѧÖеÄÂäÌå¹æÔò¡¢¹ßÐÔ¹æÔò¡¢Å×ÎïÌåÔ˶¯¹æÔò¡¢°ÚÕñµ´µÄµÈʱÐÔÏÖÏóÊÇÙ¤ÀûÂÔÊ÷Á¢»ò·¢ÏÖµÄÄØ?ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨Å£¶Ù×÷Ϊ¾µäÎïÀíѧ´´Á¢ÕßµÄλÖÃÄØ?ÓÐËÄÜ·ñ¶¨°®µÏÉúÊǶÔÈËÀàÎïÖÊÎÄÃ÷ÓÐÖØ´ó¹±Ï׵Ĵó´´Ôì¼ÒÄØ?
¡°¾µäÎïÀíѧ¡±·Ö´Ê½âÊÍ
¡ñ ¾ £¨½›£© j¨©ng ¨Ð¨ç¨å¡¥ Ö¯²¼Ê±ÓÃËó´©Ö¯µÄÊúÉ´£¬±àÖ¯ÎïµÄ×ÝÏߣ¬Óë“γ”Ïà¶Ô£º¡«É´¡£¡«Ïß¡£¡«ÂÚ£¨?ÕûÀí¹ýµÄ²ÏË¿£»?Ó÷ÕþÖι
»ù±¾×ÖÒå ¡ñ µä di¨£n ¨É¨ç¨â¡¦ ¿ÉÒÔ×÷Ϊ±ê×¼µÄÊé¼®£º¡«¼®¡£×Ö¡«¡£´Ê¡«¡£¾¡«¡£Òý¾¾Ý¡«¡£ ±ê×¼£¬·¨Ôò£º¡«Õ¡£¡«ÖÆ¡£¡«¹Ê£¨ ? µ
»ù±¾×ÖÒå¡ñ Îïw¨´ ¨è¨AÈËÒÔÍâµÄ¾ßÌåµÄ¶«Î÷£ºÊ¡«¡£Éú¡«¡£¡«Ìå¡£»õ¡«¡£Àñ¡«¡£ÎÄ¡«¡£¡«¼Û¡£¡«ÖÊ¡£µØ´ó¡«²©¡£¡«¼«±Ø·´¡£ÄÚÈÝ£¬ÊµÖÊ£ºÑÔÖ®ÓС«¡£Ö¸×Ô
»ù±¾×ÖÒå¡ñ Àíl¨« ¨Ì¨ç¡¦ ÎïÖʱ¾ÉíµÄÎÆ·¡¢²ã´Î£¬¿Í¹ÛÊÂÎï±¾ÉíµÄ´ÎÐò£ºÐÄ¡«¡£¼¡¡«¡£Ìõ¡«¡£Ê¡«¡£ ÊÂÎïµÄ¹æÂÉ£¬ÊǷǵÃʧµÄ±ê×¼£¬¸ù¾Ý£º¡«ÓÉ¡£¡«
¡ñ ѧ £¨ŒW£© xué ¨Ò¨é¨Ý¨@ Ч·¨£¬×êÑÐ֪ʶ£¬»ñµÃ֪ʶ£¬¶ÁÊ飺¡«Éú¡£¡«Í½¡£¡«Ï°¡£¡«Òµ¡£¡«ÓÑ¡£¡«Õß¡£¡«·§¡£¡«ÖÆ¡£¡«Àú