°×»°ÎÄ
¡°°×»°ÎÄ¡±»ù±¾½âÊÍ
½âÊÍ ¡ò °×»°ÎÄ báihuàwén [writing in vernacular Chinese] Óð׻°Ð´³ÉµÄÎÄÕ——ÓÃÓÚÖ¸ÎåËÄÔ˶¯ÒÔºóÖÁ1949Äê ÒÔ¿ÚÓïΪ»ù´¡µÄÊéÃæÓïÑÔ£¬Ïà¶ÔÓÚÎÄÑÔÎĶøÑÔ¡£ÔÚÎåËÄÔ˶¯±»´óÁ¦Ìᳫ֮ǰËùÁôϵÄÖ÷ÒªÎÄÏ×£¬°üÀ¨¶«ºº·ð¾¡¢ÌÆËÎÓA¢Ëδú»°±¾¡¢Ã÷ÇåС˵µÈ¡£Æù½ñÒѳÉΪ×îÆÕ±éʹÓõÄÎÄÌå¡£½üÓïÌåÎÄÒ²³ÆΪ¡¸ÓïÌåÎÄ¡¹¡£
¡°°×»°ÎÄ¡±°Ù¿Æ
°Ù¶È°Ù¿Æ
°×»°ÎÄ
1.¡°ÎåËÄ¡±ÒÔÀ´,Àî´óîÈ¡¢³Â¶ÀÐ㡢³ѸµÈÒ»ÅúÈÊÈË־ʿ¸üÊǽ«°×»°Îĵġ°ÑÔ±ØÓÐÎÌáµ½ÎÄ»¯¸ïÃüµÄ¸ß¶È¡£
2.ÖйúÕÜѧ¼ÒºÍÍâ½»¼Ò¡£ÔÚµ£ÈÎÕÜѧ½ÌÊÚÆڼ䣬Ëû´óÁ¦Íƹã°×»°ÎÄѧÒÔÈ¡´úÎÄÑÔÎÄ¡£
3.ÖÜÖØдºÃÎÄÊéºó,±¾Ïë¸øÎâɽ¶ÁÒ»±éµÄ,µ«Ã»Ïëµ½¶Ô·½¾¹È»Ò²´ÖͨÎÄÄ«,×Ô¼ºÄÃÆðÎÄÊé¿´ÁËÒ»±é,ÖÜÖض¼ÊÇÓð׻°ÎÄÊéд,Òò´ËËûÒ²¿´µÄ¶®¡£
4.1920Äê,Ëû´Ù³É½ÌÓý²¿¸Ä¶¨Ð¡Ñ§µÄ¡°¹úÎÄ¿Æ¡±Îª¡°¹úÓï¿Æ¡±,ÒÔ°×»°ÎÄÈ¡´úÎÄÑÔÎÄ,·Ï³ýСѧ¡°¶Á¾¡±¡£
5.ÐÂÎÄ»¯Ô˶¯Ç°£¬°×»°ÎÄС˵ÊDz»µÇ´óÑÅÖ®ÌõÄË×ÈËÍæÒÕ¶ù£¬ÓÐˮƽ½ÌÑøµÄÎÄÈ˶¼ÊÇÒ÷Ê«×÷¸³¡£
6.°Ù¿ÆÈ«ÊéµÄ»¹°üÀ¨×÷¼ÒºÍÀûÒæÖ÷ÌåµÄµ±´úÐÂÎÅ£¬ÀýÈçÄÇЩÓë×÷Ϊ£¬µçÓ°£¬Ã½Ì壬¶ùͯÎÄѧ£¬Ê³Æ·ºÍ°×»°ÎÄѧ¡£
7.Ê®µÀÑ¡ÔñÌâ,ÿÌâËĸöÑ¡Ïî,´ð°¸ÊÇ¿ª·ÅÐÔµÄ,ÌâÄ¿ÖÐҲûÓз±Ìå×Öͨ¼Ù×ÖÉúƧ×Ö,ͨƪµÄ°×»°ÎÄ,×ÜÖ®À´Ëµ¾ÍÊǺܼòµ¥,ʶ×ֵĶ¼»á×ö¡£
8.Õâƪ¿´ÉÏÈ¥Èç´ËÄѵõÄ×÷ÎÄ,ËƺõÒ²ÊÇÈç´Ë,Èô°ÑËüÒë³É°×»°ÎÄ,ÄǼĴæÔÚÉú×ÖƧµäÀïµÄ·áÈÄÒâζ,ÓпÉÄÜʧȴ´ó°ë¡£
9.ÊÇ°¡£¬µ½Á˽üÏÖ´ú¾ÍÊÇ°×»°ÎÄÁË¡£
10.×÷¼ÒºÍ½ÌÓý¼ÒºúÊÊÏÈÉúͨ¹ýÔÚºÜÓÐÓ°ÏìµÄÐÂÇàÄêÔÓÖ¾ÉÏ·¢±íµÄϵÁÐÎÄÕ£¬³É¹¦µØ³«µ¼ÔÚ½ÌÓýºÍÐÂÎÅýÌåÖÐʹÓð׻°ÎÄ¡£
11.È»ºóÀÏÒ¯×Ó½«Ó¡Õ²àÃæµÄ¼¸¾ä¶Ì¾ä¸øÄîÁ˳öÀ´,ºÜÊÇÞֿڵİ׻°ÎÄ,Î޷ǾÍÊÇ˵ÕâÓ¡µÄÖ÷ÈË,¹«ÖÒÌå¹ú,ÊǹúÖ®¸ù»ù,¹úÖ®¶°ÁºÖ®ÀàµÄ¼ÎÐíÖ®´Ê¡£
12.ÒÔ×Ó֮죬¹¥×ÓÖ®¶Ü·Òë³É°×»°ÎĵÄÒâ˼ÊÇ˵£ºÓÃÄãµÄìÀ´¹¥»÷ÄãµÄ¶Ü£¬½á¹û»áÔõôÑù£¿
13.»ÆÙ©ÂîÈ˳öÁËÃû,Ëû¿áÊȹÅÎÄÌåÀý,Òò´ËÊÓÌᳫ°×»°ÎĵĺúÊʲ©Ê¿,ÈÏΪ´óÄæ²»µÀ,¾³£Í´³âºúÊÏÖ®·Ç,ÁõØÓÒàÈ»¡£
14.ÀýÈ磬ºúÊÊÓ÷½·¨Ñо¿°×»°ÎÄѧʷºÍС˵ʷ£¬ÎªÖйúÎÄѧµÄÑо¿±ð¿ªÉúÃ棬¸Ä±äÁËÊÀÈ˹ØÓÚÖйúÎÄѧµÄ¹ÛÄʿ´ó·òĿΪ²»µÇ´óÑÅÖ®ÌõÄС˵µÈÎÄ»¯ÒŲúÖØÐÂչʾ¹å±¦µÄ±¾À´ÃæÄ¿¡£
15.¶øÇÒ£¬ÕâЩʫ¸èÊÇʱ´úµÄ²úÎÊǵ±Ê±ÐÂÎÄ»¯Ô˶¯µÄÒ»¸öÌåÏÖ£¬ÓÈÆäÊǵ±Ê±°×»°ÎÄѧʫѧµÄÒ»¸ö·´Ó³¡£
16.Èç¹ûҪ˵²»Ì«ºÃ·Ö±æ£¬ÄÇÊÇÒòΪÆÕͨ»°ÊÇÒÔ±±¾©ÓïÒôΪ±ê×¼Òô£¬±±·½»°Îª»ù´¡·½ÑÔ£¬ÒԵ䷶µÄÏÖ´ú°×»°ÎÄÖø×÷ΪÓï·¨¹æ·¶µÄÆÕͨ»°¡£
17.ÒâÏóÖ÷ÒåÊ«¸èÔÔò°ïÖúºúÊÊʫѧ¹ÛµãµÄÐγɣ¬Æô¶¯ÁËÖйúÏÖ´ú°×»°ÎÄ¡¢°×»°Ê«µÄ¸ïÃü¡£
18.Ñϸñ˵À´,¸Ã±®ÉϵÄÁ½´Î̸»°¼Ç¼²¢·Ç¶¼ÊÇ°×»°ÎÄ,Ö»ÓÐÖìԪ谺Ϳ׿˼áµÄ̸»°¼Ç¼ÊÇ°×»°ÌåµÄ,¶øËûÓë¿×ϣѧµÄ̸»°,ÓõÄÔòÊÇÊ®·ÖׯÖصĹÅÎÄÌå¡£
19.ºúÊʶ԰׻°ÎÄѧµÄ³«µ¼ÓëÏÖ´ú¡°¹úÓ¹ÛÄîÃÜÇÐÏà¹Ø£¬µ«ÊÇËûµÄÕâÒ»ÖÂ˼·Ïò²¢Î´µÃµ½×ã¹»µÄÀí½âºÍÖØÊÓ¡£
20.´Ëºó,ÔÚÓïÎĽ̿ÆÊéÖÐ,°×»°ÎÄÖð²½È¡´úÁËÎÄÑÔÎÄ,ʵÏÖÁË¡°ÑÔÎÄÒ»Ö¡±¡£
21.ÔÚ¡°¹úÓïµÄÎÄѧ¡±ÃæÁÙÌôս֮ʱ£¬ÎåËÄÏÈÇýÒÔ¡°¿Æѧ¼ÒµÄÊÔÑé·½·¨¡±£¬ÒÔʵ¼Ê³É¹ûÑéÖ¤°×»°ÎÄѧÀíÂÛ¡£
22.ÁõÏÈÉúÉÔΪÖÐÓ¹,ÔÚÕÅ°®ÁáÖ®Íâ,ÓÖÅõ³öÁºÊµÇǮïñÊéÁ½Î»;ͬʱÒýͯԪ·½Äé³öµÄÊýÀýÓïÖ¤,ÒÔ˵Ã÷¡°ÎÒÃǵİ׻°ÎÄÊÇ»ÙÓÚÓ¢ÒëÖеġ®¹ÖÌ¥¡¯¡±¡£
23.°×»°ÎÄÓëÈÕ³£¿ÚÓï×î½Ó½ü,dz½üͨË×,Ã÷°×Èç»°,¹ÊÓֳơ°ÓïÌåÎÄ¡±¡£
24.ËûÊǹúÓïÔ˶¯µÄ¼±Ïȷ棬ΪÍƹã°×»°ÎÄ¡¢ÆÕ¼°ÆÕͨ»°±¼×ߺôºÅ¡£
25.ÑÔÎÄÒ»ÖÂ,¼´ÆÕ¼°°×»°ÎÄ¡£
26.ºúÊÊÁ¢×ãÓÚʱ´ú£¬¶Ô°×»°ÎÄѧµÄ´óÁ¦³«µ¼´øÀ´Á˼ÛÖµ¹ÛÄîµÄת±ä£¬Ê¹¹úÓïÔ˶¯µÄ¼ÛÖµÀ§¾ÖµÃÒÔÏû½â¡£
27.±»ÊÓ×÷Òý³µÂô½¬ÕßÁ÷µÄ°×»°ÎÄ,ÈÃÎÄ×Ö¡¢ÎÄѧ²»ÔÙ³ÉΪ֪ʶ¹ó×åÏû·ÑÆ·¡£
28.±¾ÎÄÊÔͼÕÒÑ°³ö³õÉæÐÂÎÄ̳ʱ³ѸÉú»îÓë´´×÷Ö®¼äµÄÄÚÔÚÁªÏµ£¬´ÓеĽǶÈÉóÊÓÆä³õÆڵİ׻°ÎÄѧ×÷Æ·¡£
29.ÔÚ¡°ÎåËÄ¡±ÐÂÎÄѧÔ˶¯ÖУ¬ºúÊʵİ׻°ÎÄѧÀíÂÛʹµÃÏÖ´ú°×»°ÎÄÌå»ñµÃºÏ·¨»¯Éí·Ý³ÉΪ¿ÉÄÜ¡£
30.ÆÕͨ»°ÒÔ±±¾©ÓïÒôΪ±ê×¼Òô£¬ÒÔ±±·½»°Îª»ù´¡·½ÑÔ£¬ÒԵ䷶µÄÏÖ´ú°×»°ÎÄÖø×÷ΪÓï·¨¹æ·¶¡£
31.°ëȳ×Ó!¾®Ã²°²ËµÃ¨¶þÖ»Òª²»ÔÚ°×»°ÎĸúÇ°¾ÍÆÆÂíÕÅ·ÉߺÎåºÈÁùµÄ,µ«ÊÇÔÚÕâ¸öÍõÔª¼¸¸úÇ°¾ÍÊÕÁ²Á˺ܶà,¸ú¹·Ò»Ñù¡£
32.ÕâÁ½¸öÈËÊÇ·´¶Ô°×»°ÎĵÄÍ©³ÇÅɹÅÎļÒÂíͨ²®¡¢Ò¦Êå½Ú,¾ù˼ÏëÊؾÉ,µ±³õºÞ²»µÃÅٳµÄ×æ·Ø¡£
33.Ïà¶ÔÒÔÇ°µÄ´Êµä,ÊÕ´ÊÁ¿¸ü´óÁË,ÒýÓõÄÊéÖ¤¸üÈ«,²¢ÓÃÃ÷ÇåС˵µÄ°×»°Îĵ±×öÀý¾ä¡£
34.·ð½ÌµÄÒë¾Öî´óʦ,ÓÃÆÓʵƽÒ׵İ׻°ÎÄÌåÀ´·Òë·ð¾,µ«ÇóÒ×Ïþ,²»¼ÓÔåÊÎ,Ôì³ÉÒ»ÖÖ°×»°µÄÎÄÌå,·ðËÂìøÃųÉΪ°×»°ÎÄÓë°×»°Ê«µÄÖØÒª·¢Ô´µØ¡£
35.ÔÚ¼¾ÏÛÁÖ¿´À´,·´¶Ô°×»°ÎÄ¡¢Ö÷±à¡¶Ñ§ºâ¡·µÄÎâåµ½ÌÊÚÊÇÎ÷ÑóÎÄѧϵ×îÓÐѧÎʵÄ,ÇÒ¡°¹Åò¹ÅÐÄ,´ýÈ˳Ͽҡ±¡£
36.ËüÒÔ±±¾©ÓïÒôΪ±ê×¼Òô£¬ÒÔ±±·½·½ÑÔΪ»ù´¡·½ÑÔ£¬ÒԵ䷶µÄÏÖ´ú°×»°ÎÄÖø×÷ΪÓï·¨¹æ·¶¡£
37.ºº×Ö·½Ãæ,ÕýÌå×ÖÓëË×Ìå×Ö²¢ÓÃ;ÎÄÌåÉÏ,ÎÄÑÔÎÄÓë°×»°ÎĹ²Éú¡£
38.Òì;ͬ¹é,µØÇòÉϵĹÅÎÄ×îÖÕÒ²±ä³ÉÁË°×»°ÎÄ,µ«ÕâÀï,ÖÐ;¾Í¾Í±ä³ÉÁË°×»°ÎÄ,ÈÃÉòÔ¼ÓÐЩÒź¶¡£
39.ÕÅÐã²ÅµÄÒ»·¬°×»°ÎÄ,³¤Æª´óÂÛ,ÀïÃæ´©Ô丽»áÁËÌ«¶àûÓÐÓô¦µÄ¶«Î÷¡£
40.ÎåÊ®ÄêÀ´ºÍÎå°ÙÄêÄÚ£¬ÖйúÈËд°×»°ÎĵÄÇ°ÈýÃûÊÇ£ºÀî°½¡¢Àî°½¡¢Àî°½¡£Àî°½
41.¶ÁÎÄÑÔÎĺÍд°×»°ÎIJ»ÊÇ·çÂíÅ£²»Ï༰µÄÁ½¼þÊÂ,¶øÊǹØϵ½ôÃÜ¡£
42.ºúÊÊÔòÈÏΪ£¬¡°°×»°ÎÄѧʷ¾ÍÊÇÖйúÎÄѧʷµÄÖÐÐIJ¿·Ö¡±£¬´Ë˵¶ÔºóÀ´µÄÎÄѧʷÊéд²úÉúÁËÖÁΪÉîÔ¶µÄÓ°Ï죬ËÜÔìºÍµì¶¨ÁËÏÖÓÐÖйúÎÄѧʷµÄ»ù±¾Ãæò¡£
43.ÕâһϵÁеĻ°Óïʵ¼ù¶ÔÖйúÏÖ´ú°×»°ÎÄѧµÄµ®Éú²úÉúÁ˺ܴóÓ°Ïì¡£
44.ÏÍÏÍÒ×É«·Òë³É°×»°ÎÄ£¬¾ÍÊÇ˵£¬¼ûÁËѧÎʺã¬ÐÞÑøºÃ±¾Ê´ó£¬Ö´ÐкõÄÈË£¬¾Í¶ËÕý̬¶È£¬ËàÈ»Æð¾´¡£
¡°°×»°ÎÄ¡±·Ö´Ê½âÊÍ
»ù±¾×ÖÒå ¡ñ °× bái ¨Å¨Þ¨@ Ñ©»¨»òÈéÖÄÇÑùµÄÑÕÉ«£º¡«É«¡£¡«Ãס£ Ã÷ÁÁ£º¡«Öç¡£¡«ÈÕ×öÃΡ£ Çå³þ£ºÃ÷¡«¡£²»¡«Ö®Ô©¡£ ´¿½
![](https://img4.runjiapp.com/duoteimg/dtnew_assets/pc/images/dictionary/index/arrow-right.png)
»ù±¾×ÖÒå¡ñ »°£¨Ô’£©hu¨¤ ¨Ï¨è¨Ú¨A˵³öÀ´µÄÄܱí´ï˼Ïë¸ÐÇéµÄÉùÒô£¬ÒàÖ¸°ÑÕâÖÖÉùÒô¼Ç¼ÏÂÀ´µÄÎÄ×Ö£ºËµ¡«¡£»á¡«¡£¶Ô¡«¡£Çé¡«¡£¡«Ì⡣˵£¬Ì¸ÂÛ£º¡«±ð¡£¡«¾É¡
![](https://img4.runjiapp.com/duoteimg/dtnew_assets/pc/images/dictionary/index/arrow-right.png)
»ù±¾×ÖÒå ¡ñ ÎÄ wén ¨è¨ã¨@ ÊÂÎï´í×ÛËùÔì³ÉµÄÎÆÀí»òÐÎÏ󣺲ÓÈô¡«½õ¡£ ´Ì»»¨ÎÆ£º¡«Éí¡£ ¼Ç¼ÓïÑԵķûºÅ£º¡«×Ö¡£¡«Ã¤¡£ÒÔ¡«º¦´Ç¡£
![](https://img4.runjiapp.com/duoteimg/dtnew_assets/pc/images/dictionary/index/arrow-right.png)