¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ
¡°¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ¡±»ù±¾½âÊÍ
½âÊÍ Âí¿Ë˼¡¢¶÷¸ñ˹×÷ÓÚ1847Äê12ÔÂÖÁ1848Äê1Ô¡£ÊÇΪ¹²²úÖ÷ÒåÕßͬÃËÆð²ÝµÄ¸ÙÁì¡£¿Æѧ¹²²úÖ÷ÒåµÄµÚÒ»¸ö¸ÙÁìÐÔÎÄÏ×£¬½ÒʾÁË×ʱ¾Ö÷ÒåÉç»áµÄÄÚÔÚì¶ÜºÍ·¢Õ¹¹æÂÉ£¬ÂÛÖ¤ÁË×ʱ¾Ö÷ÒåÃðÍöºÍÉç»áÖ÷ÒåʤÀûµÄ±ØÈ»ÐÔ¡£³ÉΪÊÀ½ç¸÷¹úÎÞ²ú½×¼¶µÄ¹²Í¬¸ÙÁì¡£
¡°¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ¡±°Ù¿Æ
°Ù¶È°Ù¿Æ
¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ £¨Í¼ÊéÃû³Æ£©
1.ÎÒÔÚ±ðµÄͬѧ´¦µÚÒ»´Î¼û×ÅÁ˲¼¹þÁֵĹ²²úÖ÷ÒåABC¼°Âí¿Ë˼¶÷¸ñ˹µÄ¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ£¬µ«ÎÒÖ»·µÃÒ»·£¬Ã»Óп´ÏÂÈ¥£¬¿É±ÈСʱÔÚºþ´å¿´¼û´«µÀÕß°ä·¢µÄС²á×ÓÂí¿Ë¸£Òô£¬ÂíÌ«¸£Òô£¬Ö®À࣬ÄÇÑóÖ½µÄÓ¡Ë¢Æøζ¼°²å»Ò®öÕÓëÃÅͽµÄ²ÊÉ«¹âÓ°¡¡ºúÀ¼³É
2.²»¹ý,×÷ΪÎÞÕþ¸®Ö÷ÒåµÄºíÉàµÄ¡¶ÌìÒ屨¡·Ò²ÊǹúÄÚ×îÔç½éÉÜÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåµÄ±¨Ö½,Ôø½ÚÒë¹ý¡¶¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ¡·µÄÐòÑÔ¡£
3.ÓñÌ«×Ó£¬Äã¿ÉÊǻᱳËй²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ£¿Î÷×ÓÇé
4.µÄÊÇÁù¸öÖÐÎÄÒë±¾µÄ¡¶¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ¡·,·Ö±ðÊÇ1920Äê³ÂÍûµÀµÄÁ½¸öÒë±¾¡¢1932Ä껪¸ÚÒë±¾¡¢1938Äê³É·ÂÎáºÍÐì±ùÒë±¾¡¢1943Ä격¹ÅУÒë±¾ÒÔ¼°1949Äê³ÂÊÝʯÒë±¾¡£
¡°¹²²úµ³ÐûÑÔ¡±·Ö´Ê½âÊÍ
»ù±¾×ÖÒå¡ñ ¹²g¨°ng ¨Í¨è¨å¨AÏàͬ£¬Ò»Ñù£º¡«ÐÔ¡£¡«Í¬¡£Í¬¸Ê¡«¿à¡£±Ë´Ë¶¼¾ßÓС¢Ê¹Óûò³ÐÊÜ£º»¼ÄÑÓë¡«¡£ÐÝÆÝÓë¡«¡£Ò»Æð£¬Ò»Æ룺¡«Ãù¡£¡«Ãã¡£¡«Òé¡£¡«´
![](https://img2.runjiapp.com/duoteimg/dtnew_assets/pc/images/dictionary/index/arrow-right.png)
¡ñ ²ú £¨®b£© ch¨£n ¨Ô¨â¡¦ ÈË»ò¶¯ÎïÉú×Ó£º¡«×Ó¡£¡«ÂÑ¡£¡«¸¾¡£Öú¡«Ê¿¡£ ÖÆÔ죬ÑøÖÖÖ²»ò×ÔÈ»Éú³¤£º¹¤ÒµÉú¡«¡£¡«Öµ¡£ ÖÆÔì¡¢Ñø¡¢ÖÖÖ²»ò×ÔÈ»Éú³
![](https://img2.runjiapp.com/duoteimg/dtnew_assets/pc/images/dictionary/index/arrow-right.png)
¡ñ µ³ £¨üh£© d¨£ng ¨É¨ä¡¦ ΪÁËÕþÖÎÄ¿µÄ½áºÏÆðÀ´µÄÍÅÌ壺¡«ÅÉ¡£¡«ÍÅ¡£¡«Î¯¡£¡«Ô±¡£¡«Õ¡£¡«·§¡£¡«·ç¡£¡«¼Í¡£ Òâ¼ûÏàºÏµÄÈË»òÓÉ˽ÈËÀûº¦¹ØÏ
![](https://img2.runjiapp.com/duoteimg/dtnew_assets/pc/images/dictionary/index/arrow-right.png)
»ù±¾×ÖÒå¡ñ Ðûxu¨¡n ¨Ò¨é¨â¡¥¹«¿ªËµ³ö£¬É¢²¼£º¡«½²¡£¡«´«¡£¡«Õ½¡£¡«³Æ¡£¡«ÑÔ¡£¡«Ððµ÷¡£ÐÄÕÕ²»¡«¡£Êèµ¼£º¡«Ð¹¡£¹Å´úµÛÍõµÄ´óÊÒ¡£»Êµ
![](https://img2.runjiapp.com/duoteimg/dtnew_assets/pc/images/dictionary/index/arrow-right.png)
»ù±¾×ÖÒå¡ñ ÑÔy¨¢n ¨ç¨â¨@½²£¬Ëµ£º¡«Ëµ¡£¡«Ó÷¡£¡«µÀ¡£¡«»¶¡£¡«Çé¡£¡«±ØÓÐÖУ¨zh¨°ng £©£¨Ò»Ëµ¾Í˵µ½µã×ÓÉÏ£©¡£ËµµÄ»°£º¡«ÂÛ¡£¡«´
![](https://img2.runjiapp.com/duoteimg/dtnew_assets/pc/images/dictionary/index/arrow-right.png)